为什么我还在用time.sleep？因为你根本不懂等待机制_千锋教育

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)  # 设置隐式等待10秒

driver.get("https://example.com")
element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "submit-button")

driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.find_element(By.ID, "button").click()

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

element = wait.until(
    EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "submit-button"))
)
element.click()

class element_has_css_class(object):
    def __init__(self, locator, css_class):
        self.locator = locator
        self.css_class = css_class
    
    def __call__(self, driver):
        element = driver.find_element(*self.locator)
        if self.css_class in element.get_attribute("class"):
            return element
        else:
            return False

wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
element = wait.until(
    element_has_css_class((By.ID, "loading-spinner"), "hidden")
)

# 错误写法
login_button.click()
time.sleep(2)  # 硬等2秒
product_list = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, "product-item")

# 正确写法
login_button.click()
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "product-item"))
)
product_list = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, "product-item")

# 错误写法
add_to_cart_button.click()
time.sleep(5)  # 等5秒，toast早没了

# 正确写法
add_to_cart_button.click()
toast = WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
    EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "toast-success"))
)
assert "添加成功" in toast.text

# 错误写法
driver.switch_to.frame("payment-iframe")  # iframe还没加载，直接报错

# 正确写法
WebDriverWait(driver, 15).until(
    EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it((By.ID, "payment-iframe"))
)
# 现在可以操作iframe内的元素

# 错误写法
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "table-row"))
)
# 表格行存在了，但数据还没渲染完，行内容是空的

# 正确写法
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CLASS_NAME, "table-row"), "用户数据")
)
# 等待表格行包含特定文本

# 需要先滚动到目标元素
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
# 等待新渲染的元素
WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "lazy-loaded-item"))
)

def wait_for_ajax(driver, timeout=10):
    """等待所有AJAX请求完成"""
    return WebDriverWait(driver, timeout).until(
        lambda d: d.execute_script("return jQuery.active == 0")
    )

def wait_for_page_load(driver, timeout=10):
    """等待页面加载完成"""
    return WebDriverWait(driver, timeout).until(
        lambda d: d.execute_script("return document.readyState") == "complete"
    )

# 使用
driver.get("https://example.com")
wait_for_page_load(driver, 15)
element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "dynamic-content")