软件测试中的兼容性测试到底有多重要_千锋教育

# 安装依赖
pip install selenium webdriver-manager

from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from webdriver_manager.firefox import GeckoDriverManager
from webdriver_manager.microsoft import EdgeChromiumDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.service import Service as FirefoxService
from selenium.webdriver.edge.service import Service as EdgeService
import pytest

class CrossBrowserTest:
    """跨浏览器兼容性测试基类"""
    
    @staticmethod
    def get_driver(browser_name):
        """根据浏览器名称返回对应的WebDriver实例"""
        if browser_name == "chrome":
            service = ChromeService(ChromeDriverManager().install())
            options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
            options.add_argument("--window-size=1920,1080")
            return webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)
        
        elif browser_name == "firefox":
            service = FirefoxService(GeckoDriverManager().install())
            options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
            options.add_argument("--width=1920")
            options.add_argument("--height=1080")
            return webdriver.Firefox(service=service, options=options)
        
        elif browser_name == "edge":
            service = EdgeService(EdgeChromiumDriverManager().install())
            options = webdriver.EdgeOptions()
            options.add_argument("--window-size=1920,1080")
            return webdriver.Edge(service=service, options=options)
        
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"不支持的浏览器: {browser_name}")

class TestLoginButton(CrossBrowserTest):
    """登录按钮兼容性测试"""
    
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("browser", ["chrome", "firefox", "edge"])
    def test_login_button_visibility(self, browser):
        """验证登录按钮在所有浏览器上可见且可点击"""
        driver = self.get_driver(browser)
        try:
            driver.get("https://example.com/login")
            
            # 等待按钮加载
            from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
            from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
            from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
            
            login_btn = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
                EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "login-btn"))
            )
            
            # 验证按钮尺寸
            btn_size = login_btn.size
            assert btn_size["width"] > 0, f"{browser}: 按钮宽度为0"
            assert btn_size["height"] > 0, f"{browser}: 按钮高度为0"
            
            # 验证按钮位置
            btn_location = login_btn.location
            assert btn_location["x"] >= 0, f"{browser}: 按钮x坐标异常"
            assert btn_location["y"] >= 0, f"{browser}: 按钮y坐标异常"
            
            print(f"{browser}: 登录按钮测试通过")
            
        finally:
            driver.quit()
    
    def test_login_button_safari(self):
        """Safari浏览器单独测试（需在macOS上执行）"""
        # Safari需要特殊配置
        from selenium.webdriver.safari.options import Options
        from selenium import webdriver
        
        options = Options()
        options.add_argument("--window-size=1920,1080")
        driver = webdriver.Safari(options=options)
        
        try:
            driver.get("https://example.com/login")
            # 同样的测试逻辑
            from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
            from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
            from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
            
            login_btn = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
                EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "login-btn"))
            )
            
            assert login_btn.is_displayed(), "Safari: 登录按钮不可见"
            print("Safari: 登录按钮测试通过")
            
        finally:
            driver.quit()

# 运行所有浏览器测试
pytest test_login.py -v

# 只运行Chrome测试
pytest test_login.py -k "chrome" -v

# 生成HTML报告
pytest test_login.py --html=report.html -v

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium import webdriver
import time

def simulate_slow_network():
    """模拟3G网络环境"""
    options = Options()
    # 设置网络条件：3G网络
    options.set_capability("networkConditions", {
        "offline": False,
        "latency": 100,  # 延迟100ms
        "download_throughput": 750 * 1024,  # 下载速度750kbps
        "upload_throughput": 250 * 1024  # 上传速度250kbps
    })
    
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
    return driver

# 使用示例
driver = simulate_slow_network()
driver.get("https://example.com")
# 记录页面加载时间
start_time = time.time()
# 等待页面完全加载
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
WebDriverWait(driver, 30).until(
    lambda d: d.execute_script("return document.readyState") == "complete"
)
load_time = time.time() - start_time
print(f"3G网络下页面加载耗时: {load_time:.2f}秒")

+-------------------+     +------------------+     +------------------+
|  测试用例层       |     |  执行引擎层      |     |  报告分析层      |
|  - 功能测试用例   | --> |  - Selenium Grid | --> |  - Allure报告    |
|  - 界面测试用例   |     |  - Appium        |     |  - 截图对比      |
|  - 性能测试用例   |     |  - Docker容器    |     |  - 日志分析      |
+-------------------+     +------------------+     +------------------+

import concurrent.futures
from typing import List, Dict
import time

class ParallelCompatibilityRunner:
    """并行兼容性测试执行器"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.browsers = ["chrome", "firefox", "edge"]
        self.results = {}
    
    def run_single_browser(self, browser: str, test_url: str) -> Dict:
        """在单个浏览器上执行测试"""
        driver = CrossBrowserTest.get_driver(browser)
        try:
            start_time = time.time()
            driver.get(test_url)
            
            # 执行通用测试逻辑
            test_result = {
                "browser": browser,
                "status": "PASS",
                "load_time": time.time() - start_time,
                "errors": []
            }
            
            # 检查页面加载
            from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
            try:
                WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
                    lambda d: d.execute_script("return document.readyState") == "complete"
                )
            except Exception as e:
                test_result["status"] = "FAIL"
                test_result["errors"].append(str(e))
            
            # 截图保存
            driver.save_screenshot(f"screenshots/{browser}_{int(time.time())}.png")
            
            return test_result
            
        finally:
            driver.quit()
    
    def run_all_browsers(self, test_url: str) -> Dict:
        """并行执行所有浏览器测试"""
        with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) as executor:
            # 提交所有测试任务
            future_to_browser = {
                executor.submit(self.run_single_browser, browser, test_url): browser
                for browser in self.browsers
            }
            
            # 收集结果
            for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_browser):
                browser = future_to_browser[future]
                try:
                    result = future.result()
                    self.results[browser] = result
                except Exception as e:
                    self.results[browser] = {
                        "browser": browser,
                        "status": "ERROR",
                        "error": str(e)
                    }
        
        return self.results
    
    def generate_report(self):
        """生成测试报告"""
        total = len(self.results)
        passed = sum(1 for r in self.results.values() if r["status"] == "PASS")
        failed = total - passed
        
        report = f"""
兼容性测试报告
==============
测试时间: {time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}
总浏览器数: {total}
通过: {passed}
失败: {failed}
通过率: {passed/total*100:.1f}%
"""
        
        for browser, result in self.results.items():
            report += f"\n{browser.upper()}: {result['status']}"
            if result.get("errors"):
                report += f"\n  错误: {result['errors']}"
        
        return report

# 使用示例
runner = ParallelCompatibilityRunner()
results = runner.run_all_browsers("https://example.com")
print(runner.generate_report())